How to ensure that every woman and girl can live free from female genital mutilation?



FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION


Frequently asked questions on FGM from the UNFPA, the UNICEF, the UN Women, the FAQs the Spotlight Initiative and the WHO.

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Recommendation 5: Either antepartum or intrapartum deinfibulation can be considered to facilitate vaginal birth in women with Type III FGM.

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  Strength of recommendation: Conditional (very-low-certainty evidence) Women and girls living with FGM are more likely to have a mental health disorder, such as anxiety, depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compared with women and girls who have not undergone FGM.  - Summary of the evidence - The evidence review for this recommendation, which updated a previous review, considered whether the timing of deinfibulation, i.e. antepartum versus intrapartum, made any difference in terms of obstetric or newborn outcomes among women living with Type III FGM. Four studies were identified in the systematic review. These included a retrospective cohort study conducted in Norway by Taraldsen et al., and three studies conducted in the United Kingdom: one prospective cohort study by Bikoo et al., one non-randomized controlled study by Paliwal et al. using hospital-based controls drawn from medical records at the hospitals, and one retrospective cohort study by Albert e...
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Focusing particularly on countries where there is a high prevalence of FGM.

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  Dissemination and implementation of the recommendations in this guideline on the prevention of female genital mutilation and clinical management of complications are crucial next steps necessary to improve the quality of health care (prevention and management) and to improve health outcomes for women and girls living with or at risk of FGM . The following actions will be taken to ensure that the guideline is disseminated and implemented. The guideline will be available in electronic and print formats. It will be translated into Arabic and French and disseminated through a broad network of international partners, including WHO country and regional offices; ministries of health; WHO collaborating centres; professional associations; other United Nations agencies, particularly UNFPA and UNICEF, who lead the UNFPA–UNICEF Joint Programme on FGM; and NGOs. In addition, a separate executive summary publication aimed at clinicians and a wide range of policy-makers and programme m...
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Recommendation 2: In addition to training, health workers should have access to capacity-building resources including information, education and communication (IEC) materials and job aids, e.g. clinical guides, handbooks, algorithms, flow charts, anatomical models and other digital/print resources explaining the types of FGM, the associated complications and their management.

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  Strength of recommendation: Strong (very-low-certainty evidence) A key element of multisectoral efforts to promote FGM prevention is the creation and enforcement of national laws and policies to protect women and girls from all forms of violence, including FGM, by any person – including health workers. This is a vital component of FGM prevention as it helps to ensure adherence to human rights principles and establishes mechanisms of accountability for violating them. In addition to laws and policies, there is a need for professional codes of conduct that discourage health workers from performing FGM (i.e. medicalization of FGM), and also penalties for violating these codes of conduct. - Summary of the evidence-   The evidence review for this recommendation considered any interventions aimed at improving health workers’ access to capacity-building resources (or a combination of resources) and encouraging their direct application at the point of care. These capacity-bui...
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